It’s not “inflating”, it’s “insularum” (they also used to use the tilde as a shorthand for m and n), using the old long s

I’ll add Spanish! “Alfil”, taken from arabic “(al-)fil”, taken from persian “pil”, meaning “the elephant”, since at some point in the past the piece was, evidently, an elephant.

States are defined by sovereignty over territory and a group of people. They are what we commonly call countries. [1] The United States, Great Britain, and Nigeria are all examples of states

https://chass.usu.edu/international-studies/aggies-go/nation-states

Colombia*

No, it’s correct. You define the operation by it’s properties. It’s not saying that “a plus 0 = a” but “the result of applying the binary operation ‘+’ to any number with 0 should give the original number.”

• is just a symbol. You could instead write it as +(a,0)=a and +(a,S(b))=S(+(a,b)).

You have to have previously defined 1=S(0), 2=S(1), 3=S(2), and so on.

Thanks for your reply!

I hate having to cater to the lowest common denominator, I had to struggle with un-engaging classes all throughout elementary and middle school. I’ve seriously thought about becoming a teacher so I’d like to ask, in your experience, what happens to the children that are able to process more advanced information? Can something be done to keep them engaged and nurture their development too?

Edited an unfortunate typo

Commenting to check later.

Conformal Field Theory?